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RULES WORTH MEMORISING

• Acid + base → salt + water. Acid + carbonate → salt + water + carbon dioxide. Acid + metal → salt + hydrogen.
• The acid decides the anion: HCl gives chlorides, H₂SO₄ gives sulfates, HNO₃ gives nitrates.
• All sodium, potassium, ammonium and nitrate salts are soluble.
• Most sulfates are soluble except barium, lead and (slightly) calcium.
• Most carbonates, hydroxides and phosphates are insoluble except Group 1 and ammonium.
• Salt pH: strong acid + strong base → neutral; weak acid + strong base → alkaline; strong acid + weak base → acidic.
• Soluble salts are made by titration or by adding excess solid; insoluble salts are made by precipitation.